Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing demyelination and damage to neurons. The pathology affects mainly young adults, being more prevalent in women (KATZ, 2015). Its symptoms vary widely, including fatigue, motor difficulties, vision problems, and cognitive impairment (DIAZ, 2019).
Although the exact etiology of MS is still unknown, it is believed that genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development (KATZ, 2015). The disease is characterized by an inflammatory process that leads to the destruction of the myelin sheath, a protective layer that surrounds the axons and allows rapid transmission of nerve impulses (LEMUS et al., 2018; STADELMANN et al., 2019).
MS treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce disease progression and improve the quality of life of patients. Current therapies include the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, immunomodulatory drugs to modulate the immune response, and rehabilitation therapies to improve physical and cognitive function (DOSHI & CHATAWAY, 2016).
New research has explored the potential of lithium as a treatment for MS, with promising results in some studies (LORETTU et al., 2020). However, other studies have found no significant differences in lithium use in MS patients (RINKER, 2020). More research is needed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of action of lithium in MS.
In addition, recent studies have highlighted the association between MS and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AGRELA RODRIGUES & OH, 2022). This finding raises the possibility that neurodegeneration is a consequence of the chronic inflammation and neuronal damage seen in MS.
In short, multiple sclerosis is a complex and challenging disease with significant impact on the lives of patients. Continued research is critical to developing more effective therapies and understanding the mechanisms underlying the disease. The identification of new therapeutic strategies, such as the use of lithium and the prevention of neurodegeneration, may offer hope for patients suffering from this debilitating condition.
Reference:
ABREU AGRELA RODRIGUES, F.; OH, H. Multiple sclerosis and treatments. Latin Science Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, v. 6, no. 1, pp. 3315-3322, 2022.
