Reason
Vascular congestion and chronic superficial gastritis lesions are conditions that affect the stomach lining, resulting in inflammation and discomfort. These changes are often detected during endoscopic examinations and gastric biopsies. Although they are not considered serious, they can cause symptoms that impact the patient’s quality of life.
Cause
Vascular congestion in the stomach lining occurs when there is an increase in blood flow to the affected area, leading to dilation of blood vessels. This phenomenon is usually a response to chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which can be provoked by several factors, including:
- Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs): These medications can irritate the gastric mucosa and cause inflammation.
- Helicobacter pylori infection: Even if the infection was not detected during the patient’s examination, this bacteria is a common cause of chronic gastritis.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can damage the gastric mucosa and contribute to chronic inflammation.
- Improper diet: Spicy, acidic and fried foods can irritate the stomach and exacerbate gastritis.
- Stress and emotional factors: Chronic stress can negatively affect stomach health and contribute to gastritis.
Consequences
Vascular congestion and lesions from chronic superficial gastritis can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, including:
- Abdominal pain and discomfort: Inflammation of the mucosa can cause pain, a burning sensation and discomfort.
- Nausea and vomiting: Gastric irritation can lead to episodes of nausea and, in some cases, vomiting.
- Loss of appetite: Gastric discomfort can reduce the desire to eat, resulting in weight loss.
- Anemia: In more severe cases, chronic inflammation can cause microscopic bleeding, leading to anemia.
Care
To manage vascular congestion and the lesions of chronic superficial gastritis, it is important to take a multifaceted approach, which includes dietary changes, medication use, and lifestyle adjustments:
- Proper diet: Follow a balanced diet that includes easily digestible foods, avoiding spicy, acidic, fried foods and alcoholic beverages. Small, frequent meals can help reduce symptoms.
- Medications: Using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists can help reduce gastric acid production and relieve inflammation. Antacids can provide quick relief from symptoms.
- Avoid irritating substances: Reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption and avoiding the use of NSAIDs can prevent further irritation of the gastric mucosa.
- Stress management: Relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga and regular exercise can help reduce the impact of stress on gastric health.
- Medical monitoring: It is essential to follow your doctor’s instructions and have regular appointments to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.
By adopting these precautions, it is possible to control symptoms and improve quality of life, preventing more serious complications associated with chronic superficial gastritis and vascular congestion.
To manage chronic superficial gastritis, a proper diet can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening. Here are some dietary recommendations for people with chronic superficial gastritis:
Foods to Include:
- Easily digestible foods: Light soups, broths, purees and steamed foods.
- Non-acidic fruits: Bananas, melons, apples (without skin), pears (without skin).
- Cooked vegetables: Carrots, zucchini, potatoes, pumpkin, broccoli and spinach (avoid raw vegetables).
- Whole grains: Brown rice, oats, quinoa.
- Lean proteins: Skinless chicken breast, fish, tofu.
- Low-fat dairy products: Plain yogurt, skim milk, low-fat cheeses.
- Herbal teas: Chamomile, fennel (avoid teas with caffeine).
Foods to Avoid:
- Spicy foods: Peppers, hot sauces, foods seasoned with lots of spices.
- Acidic foods: Tomatoes, citrus fruits (orange, lemon, grapefruit), vinegar.
- Fried and fatty foods: Fried foods, fast food, fatty meats.
- Caffeinated drinks: Coffee, black tea, energy drinks.
- Alcoholic drinks: Any type of alcohol can irritate the gastric mucosa.
- Carbonated drinks: Soft drinks, sparkling water.
- Full-fat dairy products: Whole milk, fatty cheeses, creams.
Other Tips:
- Eat small frequent meals: Instead of large meals, consume small portions throughout the day.
- Chew food well: This helps digestion and reduces the load on the stomach.
- Avoid eating before bed: Do not eat large meals at least 2-3 hours before bed to avoid reflux.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, but avoid large amounts during meals to avoid diluting gastric juices. Consequences for the Future of Vascular Congestion and Chronic Superficial Gastritis LesionsVascular congestion and chronic superficial gastritis lesions, if left untreated properly, they can lead to several complications and affect quality of life in the long term. Possible consequences include:1. Progression to Atrophic GastritisIf chronic inflammation persists, a gradual deterioration of the gastric mucosa may occur, leading to atrophic gastritis. This condition is characterized by the loss of glandular cells in the stomach and can reduce the production of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, impacting digestion and nutrient absorption.2. Nutrient Deficiency Nutrient malabsorption caused by chronic gastritis can result in nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, iron and calcium deficiency. This can lead to problems such as anemia, osteoporosis and general weakness.3. UlcerationsChronic inflammation and vascular congestion can increase the risk of developing gastric ulcers. These ulcers are open wounds in the lining of the stomach that can cause severe pain, bleeding and, in severe cases, perforation of the stomach, requiring urgent medical intervention.4. Increased Risk of Gastric CancerEven if the exam does not indicate malignancy, chronic gastritis, especially when associated with gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, may increase the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma in the future. Continuous medical surveillance is essential for early detection of precancerous changes.5. Development of Chronic Dyspeptic SyndromeThe symptoms of chronic gastritis, such as abdominal pain, nausea, and a feeling of fullness, may persist and become chronic, resulting in dyspeptic syndrome. This condition can significantly affect quality of life and ability to perform normal daily activities.6. Impaired Quality of LifeChronic discomfort and pain associated with gastritis can lead to a reduction in quality of life, impacting emotional and psychological well-being. There may be difficulties in maintaining a balanced diet, leading to additional concerns about overall health. Preventive and Management Measures To mitigate these possible consequences, it is crucial to follow a comprehensive and ongoing treatment plan, which includes:
- Regular Medical Monitoring: Periodic consultations with a gastroenterologist to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.
- Adherence to Medication Treatment: Continuous and correct use of prescribed medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, to control inflammation and the production of gastric acid.
- Balanced Diet: Maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding foods that irritate the gastric mucosa.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Reducing stress, avoiding the use of irritating substances such as alcohol and NSAIDs, and regular physical exercise.
