Memory formation has been a field of intensive study in neuroscience, traditionally focused on synaptic plasticity. However, a recent study published in Science by neuroscientist Johannes Gräff and his team at EPFL reveals that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in determining which neurons are involved in memory formation. This advance opens new perspectives for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
Epigen ‘s Role in Memory
Research shows that the epigenetic state of neurons, characterized by the openness or closure of chromatin, directly influences the likelihood of these neurons being recruited to form memory traces. Neurons with open chromatin demonstrated greater electrical activity during learning, being more likely to be integrated into the memory trace. This process is essential for efficient memory encoding and information retention (Epigenetics Unravels S…)
Epigenetic Manipulation and Learning
The researchers used a virus to deliver epigenetic enzymes that induce chromatin opening in mouse neurons. The results were significant: mice with epigenetically modified neurons showed superior learning ability. Conversely, when chromatin was artificially closed, learning ability was compromised. These findings highlight chromatin plasticity as a determinant of neuronal eligibility for memory formation(Epigenetics Unravels S…).
Therapeutic Implications
Identifying the role of epigenetics in memory formation offers new therapeutic avenues for treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and post-traumatic stress disorder. Interventions that target epigenetic modulation of neurons could potentially improve cognitive function and learning ability in individuals affected by these conditions. Research by Gräff et al. suggests that the focus should not only be on synaptic plasticity, but also on the nuclear processes of neurons (Epigenetics Unravels S…)
Conclusion
The EPFL-led study marks a paradigm shift in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory formation. Epigenetics emerges as a central factor, offering new opportunities for modulating memory and learning. This research not only expands knowledge about the neurobiology of memory, but also lays the foundation for the development of innovative treatments for cognitive disorders.
Reference :
GRÄFF, J.; PAPAGEORGIOU, N.; et al. Chromatin plasticity predetermines neuronal eligibility for memory trace formation. Science, 2024. Available at: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg9982. Accessed on: 01 Aug. 2024.
