Conformity, a ubiquitous social phenomenon, transcends mere obedience to social norms. Recent evidence from neuroscience and social psychology reveals that it is an adaptive mechanism deeply rooted in our biology and crucial to our evolution as a species.
The search for precision, that is, the need to form accurate perceptions of reality, is one of the main motivators of conformism. In situations of uncertainty, individuals tend to align themselves with the opinions and behaviors of the majority, seeking validation and guidance for their own actions. This tendency is amplified when the source of influence is perceived as an authority or expert, highlighting the power of credibility in forming consensus. (CIALDINI; GOLDSTEIN, 2004).
In addition to the quest for accuracy, conformity is also driven by the need for affiliation. Conformity to social norms strengthens interpersonal bonds and promotes group cohesion, crucial factors for human survival and well-being. Conformity can also be an ego defense mechanism, protecting self-esteem and avoiding social isolation. Studies show that individuals with low self-esteem are more likely to conform, seeking approval and acceptance from the group (CIALDINI; GOLDSTEIN, 2004).
However, conformity is not a passive and unconscious process. Neuroscience reveals that specific brain circuits, such as the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, are involved in evaluating social information and regulating conformist behavior. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine play crucial roles in modulating the brain’s response to social norms and the reward experience associated with conformity.
CIALDINI, RB; GOLDSTEIN, NJ Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 55, n. 1, p. 591-621, 2004.
