Tau protein, belonging to the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family, plays a crucial role in stabilizing neuronal microtubules by tubulin aggregation. Hyperphosphorylation of this protein, fundamental for controlling microtubule dynamics during neuronal development, has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.
Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein can lead to the formation of neurofibrillary aggregates, tangles of proteins that impair neuronal functioning. These aggregates, along with amyloid plaques, are hallmark pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia. (AGRELA RODRIGUES; OH, 2022)
The formation of these aggregates can block the axonal transport of proteins essential for neuronal survival, such as neurotrophic proteins. Furthermore, Tau hyperphosphorylation can compromise synaptic communication and lead to programmed cell death (apoptosis). (AGRELA RODRIGUES; OH, 2022)
The implications of Tau protein in neurodegeneration go beyond Alzheimer’s disease. Other tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy, also present neurofibrillary aggregates as a pathological feature. (AGRELA RODRIGUES; OH, 2022)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and its relationship with the formation of neurofibrillary aggregates is crucial for the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, several researches are underway, exploring strategies to inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation, promote the degradation of aggregates and protect neurons from cell death. (AGRELA RODRIGUES; OH, 2022)
Reference :
AGRELA RODRIGUES, F. de A.; OH, H. Tau protein and neurodegenerative diseases. Ciencia Latina Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 3355-3364, 2022.
