Psychoactive substance use disorder (TUS) is a complex and multifactorial condition, with causes ranging from environmental factors to genetic predispositions. The influence of genetics on the behavior of users of psychoactive substances is a field of study in constant development, with new discoveries that can help in the understanding and treatment of this condition.
Silveira, Rodrigues and Pinto (2022) explore the relationship between genetics and TUS, highlighting that behavioral genetics, a field of biology, plays an important role in predisposing to the development of addictions. The research points out that genetics can influence both the initiation and maintenance of substance use, affecting the individual’s response to the effects of the drug and their ability to develop dependence.
Individual vulnerability to TUS is determined by the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors and the effects of the substances themselves. Repeated exposure to drugs can induce long-lasting neuroadaptive changes, which promote drug-seeking behaviors and lead to persistent and uncontrolled patterns of use.
The dopaminergic system (DA), responsible for the sensation of reward and pleasure, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of drugs. Psychoactive substances alter the activity of AD, leading to an increased likelihood of repetition of actions that produce the reward, perpetuating the cycle of addiction.
Although genetics play an important role in predisposition to SUT, it is essential to emphasize that environmental factors, such as trauma, stress and dysfunctional family relationships, can also increase the risk of dependence. The interaction between these factors contributes to the complexity of SUT and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach in treatment and prevention.
In short, behavioral genetics play a crucial role in understanding psychoactive substance use disorder. The identification of genes and mechanisms related to vulnerability to addiction can help in the development of more effective and personalized therapies, as well as contribute to the prevention and treatment of this complex condition.
Reference:
SILVEIRA, Francis Moreira da; RODRIGUES, Fabiano de Abreu; PINTO, Miriam da Silva. Genetics of behavior in psychoactive substance use disorder. In: FERREIRA, Ezequiel Martins (org.). Psychology in Brazil: theory and research 4. Ponta Grossa: Atena Editora, 2022.p. 231-243.
