The gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a crucial factor in human health, including mental health. Bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, known as the brain-gut axis, is mediated by neural, endocrine, and immunological pathways, and the gut microbiome plays a key role in this communication.
Increasing evidence suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiome may influence the development and function of the nervous system, as well as the stress response and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Studies have demonstrated changes in the composition of the microbiome in individuals with disorders such as anxiety, depression, autism and Parkinson’s disease, although the exact mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated.
The gut microbiome can influence the central nervous system through the production of neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin, which play important roles in regulating mood, behavior and cognition. Furthermore, the microbiome can modulate the inflammatory response and blood-brain barrier function, impacting brain health.
Diet plays a crucial role in modulating the intestinal microbiome. Diets rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables and fermented foods promote microbiota diversity and balance, while diets high in fats and sugars can lead to an imbalance, known as dysbiosis, which has been linked to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Although research into the gut-brain axis is still ongoing, current findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome for mental health and overall well-being. Interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications may have therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders, although further studies are needed to establish their efficacy and safety. (Carvalho et al. 2024)
Reference :
CARVALHO, LFC; SANTIAGO, PRS; RODRIGUES, FAA Relationship between the intestine and the central nervous system: the importance of the intestinal microbiome. Saberes, Caicó (RN), v. 24, no. 01, p. 1-13, Jan. 2024.
