The gastrointestinal tract has gained attention in recent studies due to its association with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. More specifically, mechanisms related to oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, often induced by alterations in the intestinal microbiota, have been identified as key factors in the progression of these conditions.
Furthermore, the function of the gastrointestinal tract has been linked to the central nervous system through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, revealing important implications for mental and cognitive health. Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Gut Microbiota and Neuroinflammation
Cross-sectional studies have identified significant increases in specific populations of intestinal bacteria associated with inflammation in individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia. Chronic low-grade inflammation, mediated by these microorganisms, may intensify the pathological neuroinflammation observed in Alzheimer’s disease.
There is also robust evidence that alterations in the gut microbiota precede the development of neuroinflammation characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a potential preventive role for interventions based on modulating the microbiota.
Bowel Movement Frequency and Dementia Risk
A notable finding is the relationship between bowel movement frequency and dementia risk. A recent cohort study demonstrated that lower bowel movement frequency, associated with harder stools, correlates with a higher risk of cognitive decline and disability. These data reinforce the importance of monitoring gastrointestinal health as part of an integrated approach to prevent neurodegeneration.
Clinical Implications and Future Perspectives
Based on current evidence, strategies that promote the health of the gut microbiota, such as diets rich in fiber, probiotics and prebiotics, may have significant implications for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic interventions that aim to restore microbial balance may open new possibilities in the management of cognitive impairment and dementia.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis remains an emerging and promising field for future investigation, especially in the context of personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
Reference
Shimizu, Y., Inoue, M., Yasuda, N., Yamagishi, K., Iwasaki, M., Tsugane, S., & Sawada, N. (2023). Bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and risk of disabling dementia: a population-based cohort study in Japan. Public Health, 231, 31–38.
